Sex

Sexual dimorphism in Black-winged Ground Doves, Metriopelia melanoptera, is relatively subtle, with males and females sharing similar physical characteristics. This size dimorphism is common in many bird species and may be attributed to differences in reproductive roles and behaviors between males and females. During the breeding season, male Black-winged Ground Doves may exhibit more conspicuous behaviors and vocalizations compared to females as part of courtship displays.

In contrast, female Black-winged Ground Doves may prioritize nest-building and incubation duties over conspicuous displays during the breeding season. While both males and females participate in nest-building activities, females may invest more time and energy in incubating eggs and caring for nestlings once they hatch. This division of labor reflects the different reproductive roles and responsibilities assumed by males and females in raising offspring.

The plumage of male and female Black-winged Ground Doves is generally similar, with both sexes exhibiting grayish-brown feathers on their upperparts and pale underparts. Male doves may have slightly brighter or more distinct plumage patterns compared to females, although these differences can be challenging to discern without close examination.

Sexual behavior in Black-winged Ground Doves is influenced by hormonal changes and environmental cues associated with the breeding season. These seasonal fluctuations in behavior and physiology contribute to the timing and success of reproduction in Black-winged Ground Doves.

In addition to courtship displays and mating behaviors, sexual selection may also play a role in shaping the behavior of Black-winged Ground Doves. Males may compete with each other for access to mates, engaging in territorial disputes and aggressive interactions to establish dominance within breeding territories. Females, in turn, may choose mates based on factors such as male vigor, territory quality, and parental investment, ultimately influencing the genetic composition of future generations.

Outside of the breeding season, sexual behavior in Black-winged Ground Doves may be less pronounced as individuals focus on survival and foraging activities. However, the underlying differences between males and females in terms of size, reproductive physiology, and behavioral tendencies persist throughout the year, contributing to the overall dynamics of Black-winged Ground Dove populations. By understanding the intricacies of sexual dimorphism and behavior in Black-winged Ground Doves, researchers gain insights into the evolutionary processes and ecological relationships that shape avian populations in the Andean highlands and beyond.