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If you care about your skink's health, you must ensure that it lives in an ideal habitat. Building a home for it that is as near as feasible to its native habitat is an important part of this process. To encourage burrowing and digging habits, make sure the cage includes the appropriate substrate, such cypress mulch or coconut fiber. Give your skink plenty of places to hide, such as hollow logs or man-made caves. Be careful to use heat lamps or heating pads to create warm basking places and colder sections inside the cage so that the temperature can be properly regulated.

For skink species like blue-tongued skinks, which prefer moist habitats, humidity levels are crucial. In addition to promoting respiratory health, keeping the tank at the right humidity level helps ward against dehydration and facilitates shedding. Regularly check the humidity level with a hygrometer and spritz the enclosure or add a humidifier as required. Another option for ensuring proper humidity is to provide a shallow dish of water or a humidity hide that is filled with wet substrate.

In order to provide all the nutrients your skink requires, it is vital to encourage a balanced diet. Provide a variety diet that includes fruits, vegetables, and leafy greens in addition to insects such as mealworms, dubia roaches, and crickets. If you want to give your skink a little more nutrition, try adding some lean protein like cooked chicken or turkey to its food. If you want your skink to be healthy, you need to find out what it eats specifically and feed it that.

Your skink will need access to clean water for both drinking and bathing at all times. Make sure your skink has a shallow dish that it can drink from and soak in comfortably. If you want to keep the water clean and safe for your pet to drink, you should change it every day to stop germs from growing. Make sure your skink always has access to water; soaking it will help it remain hydrated and shed more easily.

Take additional precautions and don't touch your skink too much while it's irritated or shedding. When skinks are upset, they could act defensively by biting or scratching to alleviate their tension. Because their skin becomes more delicate when they shed, touching them could be painful. Keep your skink as calm and comfortable as possible by limiting handling during these periods.

Keep an eye on your skink's behavior, food intake, and general look to make sure it's healthy. Any shifts in these areas may point to more serious health problems that need veterinarian care. If you find anything out of the ordinary or suspicious with your skink, it is important to have it checked out right away. Your skink's health and happiness may be greatly improved with prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Stress from harsh handling may cause protective responses or even health issues in skinks. Because skinks are delicate animals, they may bite, scratch, or even attempt to flee if they feel threatened during rough handling. In addition to lowering their resistance to disease, stress may lower their immune system's effectiveness. To keep skinks healthy and establish trust with your pet, treat them carefully and delicately, paying attention to their natural habits and limits.

Skinks' health might be negatively impacted if they are fed the wrong foods. Stay away from sugary and fatty meals as well as anything else that might be dangerous or difficult for them to digest. Skinks should mostly consume insects, fruits, veggies, and leafy greens, as per their specialized dietary needs. Inappropriate feeding may cause obesity, gastrointestinal problems, and nutritional deficits. For the sake of your skink's health and lifespan, it is critical that you learn about its specific dietary requirements and supply it with a varied, balanced diet that satisfies those demands.

It is essential for the well-being of various kinds of skinks to keep them in separate cages. Keeping different species in close quarters raises serious issues about territorial behavior and the potential spread of diseases. The stress, harm, or death that may result from skinks acting aggressively against one another is real. It could be difficult to satisfy the specific environmental needs of each species in a communal tank. Keeping them apart helps keep them from fighting and gives each skink the individual attention it requires.

In order to keep skinks healthy and happy, it is necessary to carefully manage their environmental needs. For optimal health, skinks need a controlled environment with just the right amount of humidity, light, and temperature. Stress, disease, and behavioral disorders may arise when appropriate environmental circumstances are not provided. To provide a cozy and interesting environment for your skink, it is crucial to keep an eye on and adjust these factors on a frequent basis. Their mental and physical health, as well as the continuation of their normal activities, depend on the careful control of their habitat.

Strong chemicals may be toxic if breathed or consumed, so it's best to avoid using them near your skink's cage. To avoid unintentional exposure, keep all chemicals, including insecticides, away from the skink's habitat. Toxic skinks may develop respiratory difficulties or other health problems only by breathing in the fumes of common home cleansers. To keep your skink healthy and clean without endangering its surroundings, choose pet-safe cleaning solutions or natural alternatives.

If you want to keep an eye on your skink's health and catch any injuries or illnesses early on, it's crucial that you take it in for regular vet checks. The effectiveness of therapy and your skink's general health may be greatly improved with prompt veterinarian intervention. Get your pet checked out by a vet right away if you spot any changes in their behavior, appetite, or look that might indicate damage. Making sure your skink gets the care it needs to heal and flourish begins with early discovery and treatment, which helps reduce problems.

In order to keep skinks active and cognitively engaged, it is vital to provide them with environmental enrichment. To satisfy their innate inclinations and maintain their interest, provide them with enough chances to climb, burrow, and forage. Give them things to explore—rocks, branches, tunnels—and encourage them to act naturally, like hunting and digging. By giving skinks mental and physical stimulation, environmental enrichment helps keep them from becoming bored and maintains their general health.

Neoplastic Diseases

Although skinks are less likely to have neoplastic disorders (including tumors and malignancies) than other reptiles, it is nevertheless possible. These diseases develop when cells divide abnormally, leading to the formation of benign or malignant tumors or lesions. Tumors may form in many different parts of a skink's body, including the skin, internal organs, and skeleton. Growths or lumps on the skin of a skink may be any size, color, or texture, and they might be visually noticeable as tumors. If these growths are not addressed, they may impede mobility, cause pain, and even lead to secondary illnesses. Internal tumors that impact systems like the reproductive system, liver, or kidneys might be more difficult to see, but they often exhibit symptoms like fatigue, decreased appetite, or loss of weight. Skink neoplasms may have several origins, including but not limited to genetic predisposition, environmental contaminants, or viral infections. The risk of tumor growth might also be increased by old age and prolonged stress. Imaging investigations such as X-rays or ultrasound, together with physical examinations and, in rare cases, biopsies for histological study, are often used to make diagnoses. Palliative care, chemotherapy, or surgical excision of the tumor are all potential treatments for skink cancer. The goal of these measures is to enhance the quality of life of the animal by reducing symptoms. The best way to manage skink neoplasms and improve their prognosis is to detect them early and intervene. To reduce the likelihood of these diseases and their effects on skink health, proactive husbandry measures and regular veterinarian checks are crucial.

<ins>Symptoms</ins> <ul> <li>Manifestations of abnormal growths or plaques on the skin</li> <li>Skin discoloration, alterations in texture, or changes in appearance</li> <li>Movement issues or symptoms of pain</li> <li>Feeling lethargic or less active</li> <li>Alterations to food cravings or weight</li> <li>Functional abnormalities of an organ (such as a malfunctioning liver or kidney)</li> <li>As a result of tumors affecting the respiratory system, breathing becomes difficult.</li> <li>Alterations in behavior, such withdrawing from others or becoming more reclusive</li> <li>The development of secondary infections or wounds caused by tumors</li> <li>Expansion of the body, particularly the abdominal area</li> <li>A general deterioration in health and wellbeing</li> </ul>

<ins>Transmission</ins> <ul> <li>Direct interaction with disease-carrying persons</li> <li>Being exposed to potentially polluted surfaces or bedding</li> <li>Having contaminated food or prey consumed</li> <li>Spread via polluted water sources</li> <li>Coming into touch with infectious waste or blood</li> <li>Disease transmission by parasites carried by vectors like ticks and mites</li> <li>The passing of genes from one generation to the next (in certain situations)</li> <li>Transmission of infectious diseases by means of contaminated tools or surfaces</li> <li>Variations in environmental conditions, such as humidity and temperature, impact the ability of pathogens to survive and spread.</li> <li>Adding more people to an existing population, which might lead to the spread of sickness</li> </ul>

<ins>Diagnosis</ins> <ul> <li>Checking the skink's vitals, finding any anomalies, and diagnosing any ailments requires a comprehensive physical examination.</li> <li>Taking a skink's medical history entails questioning previous owners about the animal's living conditions, food, and habits as well as any recent changes that may have an impact on the species' well-being.</li> <li>Diagnostic imaging refers to the use of imaging methods such as X-rays, ultrasound, or others to see internal organs, identify anomalies, or evaluate the severity of illness.</li> <li>Performing tests on blood samples to find viruses, anomalies in chemistry or cells, or to gauge how well an organ is working.</li> <li>Microscopic analysis of feces for the purpose of identifying parasites, germs, and other diseases.</li> <li>Isolating the infectious agent and testing its resistance to antimicrobials or antifungal drugs by cultivating bacterial or fungal cultures from samples taken from lesions or body fluids.</li> <li>Surgical excision or tissue collection from abnormalities to be analyzed histopathologically in order to ascertain their type (e.g., benign vs. malignant).</li> <li>Serological testing: These blood tests may identify particular antibodies or antigens linked to certain illnesses, which can indicate whether someone is now infected or has been infected in the past.</li> <li>Highly sensitive and specific molecular diagnostic method for identifying infectious diseases in biological samples.</li> </ul>

<ins>Treatment</ins> <ul> <li>To treat bacterial infections, doctors may prescribe antibiotics, which may be taken orally, applied topically, or injected, according on the severity of the illness.</li> <li>Topical or oral administration of antifungals is dependent on the kind and site of infection, although both methods are effective in treating fungal infections.</li> <li>The term "antiparasitics" refers to a class of medications used to treat or prevent the spread of parasites like worms, mites, and ticks.</li> <li>In order to ease pain that may be caused by certain medical issues, doctors may prescribe analgesics.</li> <li>Fluid treatment involves the intravenous or subcutaneous administration of fluids with the purpose of rehydrating patients who have experienced dehydration.</li> <li>The skink's immune system and general health may be supported by providing it with a balanced diet that is rich in critical nutrients.</li> <li>Surgery to remove growths or tumors, especially if they are making the skink very uncomfortable or limiting its movement.</li> <li>In order to speed up the healing process, debridement involves removing dead tissue or foreign objects from wounds or contaminated regions.</li> <li>Controlling the environment's temperature and humidity to promote healing while reducing stress.</li> <li>Making sure the skink has plenty of suitable substrate, hiding places, and other enrichment to live a healthy life.</li> </ul>

Dermatological Diseases

In skinks, dermatological illnesses may manifest as a variety of skin conditions, infections, and traumas. Surface irregularities in color, texture, and integrity of the skin are common symptoms of these disorders. Many things may cause skinks to have problems with their skin, such as harsh environments, bad care, trauma, or preexisting diseases. Skinks often suffer from fungal or bacterial infections that manifest as sores, ulcers, or flaking scales. When the skin's protective barrier is compromised due to an injury, low humidity, or poor cleanliness, these diseases may worsen. Furthermore, ectoparasites such as ticks or mites may invade the skin, leading to redness, swelling, and even secondary infections if not addressed. Skinks are prone to skin injuries such cuts, scrapes, and burns, particularly when kept in captivity in areas with rough surfaces or insufficient heating sources. Infections or slowed wound healing may result from germs entering these wounds. Fungal cultures, skin scrapings, or ocular examinations are usually used to diagnose dermatological problems in skinks. Wound care, systemic or topical pharmaceutical administration, and changes to the surrounding environment may all be part of the treatment plan to speed healing and forestall recurrence. In order to keep skinks' skin in good condition and avoid dermatological problems, proactive husbandry techniques and regular monitoring are required.

Skink reptile health dermatological awareness

<ins>Symptoms</ins> <ul> <li>Sores or lesions on the skin</li> <li>Inflammation or reddening of the skin</li> <li>Intense scaling, also known as sloughing</li> <li>Discolorations, uneven pigmentation, or rough skin</li> <li>Tartar, scabs, or other forms of scarring</li> <li>Prone to itching and scratching</li> <li>Skin parasites that may be seen, like ticks or mites</li> <li>Surface wounds or damage to the skin</li> <li>Challenging or painful shedding</li> <li>Behavioral shifts, including spending less time active or more time hiding</li> </ul>

<ins>Transmission</ins> <ul> <li>Direct interaction with disease-carrying persons</li> <li>Surfaces in the environment, beds, or substrates that are polluted</li> <li>Potentially contagious diseases spread by water that is either stagnant or filthy</li> <li>Contaminating the skink's habitat with diseased food or prey</li> <li>Transmission from one species to another in a community setting or between different types of animals</li> <li>An exposure to infectious body fluids, such as urine, feces, or blood</li> <li>vector-borne diseases spread by parasites such as fleas, ticks, or mites</li> <li>Transmission of disease by means of tainted implements, handling utensils, or accents</li> <li>Variations in environmental conditions, such as humidity and temperature, impact the ability of pathogens to survive and spread.</li> </ul>

<ins>Diagnosis</ins> <ul> <li>The skink's skin is visually examined for any anomalies, lesions, or indications of infection.</li> <li>Collecting cells or detritus from the skin and analyzing them under a microscope to look for parasites, fungus, or other diseases is called a skin scraping.</li> <li>In order to detect fungal infections and identify the particular species at work, it is possible to cultivate fungal cultures from skin samples.</li> <li>Identifying the bacterium responsible for a skin lesion or wound infection and prescribing the right antibiotics is the goal of bacterial culture testing.</li> <li>Under a microscope, histopathologists examine skin biopsy samples to determine the structure of the tissues and to spot any anomalies or indications of illness.</li> <li>Detecting abnormalities, such as inflammation, infection, or aberrant cell development, involves evaluating skin cells obtained from lesions or afflicted regions. This process is known as skin cytology.</li> <li>The purpose of allergy testing is to find irritants or allergens that might be causing skin problems.</li> <li>Skin scrapings, biopsies, or intradermal injections are some of the specialist tests used in dermatology to identify diseases including mites, fungal infections, or allergic responses.</li> </ul>

Identifying skink dermatological symptoms

<ins>Treatment</ins> <ul> <li>To treat fungal infections, you may use antifungal lotions or ointments directly to the afflicted regions.</li> <li>Wound healing and bacterial infections may be addressed with the use of antibacterial ointments.</li> <li>To get rid of external parasites like ticks and mites, you may use antiparasitic medicines applied topically.</li> <li>When a bacterial infection is more extensive or severe, a doctor may prescribe an oral antibiotic.</li> <li>Oral administration of antifungal medicines is used to treat systemic fungal infections.</li> <li>To clean, use a mild antiseptic solution to wash the afflicted areas gently. This will remove dirt and prevent infection.</li> <li>Bandages and other non-adherent dressings are used to cover wounds and speed up the healing process.</li> <li>Customizing the environment's temperature and humidity to promote healing.</li> <li>To reduce the likelihood of illness and discomfort, make sure the substrate and bedding are clean and dry.</li> </ul>

Egg Binding

The inability of a pregnant (egg-carrying) female skink to normally release her eggs is known as egg binding. If this infertility is not treated quickly, it may cause serious consequences such as rupture of the uterus, peritonitis of the egg yolk, or even death. Skinks may have egg binding for a variety of reasons, such as an insufficient nesting place, a lack of calcium, excess body fat, or a reproductive abnormality. Factors in the environment or stress may also prevent pregnant women from producing eggs. Lethargy, reduced appetite, restlessness, and stomach distension are symptoms that may be seen in skinks after their eggs bond. The existence of eggs may be detected by palpation of the belly during a physical examination by a veterinarian. Supportive therapy, such as warm baths to ease muscular tension and promote egg ejection, is the standard treatment for egg binding in skinks. In extreme circumstances, the retained eggs may need to be surgically removed or extracted manually in order to reduce the likelihood of problems. To lessen the likelihood of egg binding in female skinks, it is important to provide them with appropriate nesting places, keep their environment at an appropriate temperature and humidity, and make sure they get enough calcium supplements. Egg binding difficulties may be reduced with early detection and treatment of any reproductive abnormalities that may arise from regular veterinarian check-ups throughout mating season.

<ins>Symptoms</ins> <ul> <li>Feeling weak or lethargic</li> <li>Loss of hunger or flat-out reluctance to eat</li> <li>Fidgeting or hurried walking</li> <li>The appearance of an enlarged abdomen</li> <li>Effort exerted in the absence of egg production</li> <li>Pain or discomfort that is easily visible when touching the belly button</li> <li>Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing</li> <li>An increase in the frequency of bowel movements or urine output</li> <li>Prolonged or fruitless efforts to burrow or build a nest</li> <li>Alterations in behavior, including concealing or seeking solitude</li> </ul> <ins>Transmission</ins> <ul> <li>It is not possible to pass egg binding from one skink to another. Actually, it's a reproductive problem that only impacts certain female skinks. Consequently, egg binding is not related with any transmission modalities.</li> </ul>

<ins>Diagnosis</ins> <ul> <li>During a physical examination, a vet will look for edema or distention in the skink's belly.</li> <li>Palpation: To find eggs, the vet will delicately feel the belly.</li> <li>Imaging using radiography (X-rays) may show where the eggs are located in the reproductive system.</li> <li>Ultrasound: If you want to see your reproductive organs in real time and find any anomalies, an ultrasound scan is the way to go.</li> <li>To check calcium levels and identify any other potential health problems, a doctor may order blood tests.</li> <li>Retracing the past: Diagnostic hints may be found by collecting data on the skink's activity, food, and reproductive history.</li> </ul>

<ins>Treatment</ins> <ul> <li>The skink's muscles may relax and the egg ejection process can be facilitated by soaking it in warm water.</li> <li>A little massage to the belly may help stimulate the movement and ejection of eggs.</li> <li>Egg passage may be made easier by applying a lubricant to the cloaca.</li> <li>The use of calcium supplements has the potential to enhance uterine contractions and the laying of eggs.</li> <li>To encourage egg laying, doctors may provide medicine or inject hormones into the patient.</li> <li>Under the supervision of a veterinarian, who may provide sedation or anesthetic, it is possible to hand remove any remaining eggs.</li> <li>To extract trapped eggs or fix reproductive system anomalies, surgery may be required in extreme situations.</li> <li>Providing comfort measures like water and warmth as well as keeping an eye out for problems both during and after treatment is part of providing supportive care.</li> <li>The provision of appropriate nesting places, an appropriate food, and environmental circumstances favorable to egg laying are examples of preventative actions that may be used to avoid egg binding in the future.</li> </ul>

Septicemia

Septicemia is a life-threatening sickness that skinks may get when infection-related bacteria or toxins travel through their circulation. Septicemia usually develops when a bacterial infection goes untreated; these infections may start in the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory system, abscesses, or wounds. When bacteria enter the circulation, they proliferate quickly, which causes the immune system to overreact, which in turn causes inflammation and tissue damage all throughout the body. Lethargy, weakness, lack of appetite, trouble breathing, skin discoloration or mottling, and brain abnormalities are all signs of septicemia in skinks. In addition, skinks that are sick may collapse, have low blood pressure, and a racing heart—all symptoms of septic shock. A complete physical examination, blood tests for bacterial presence or toxins, and imaging procedures to evaluate organ function and identify underlying infections are all part of the diagnostic process for septicemia. When a skink develops septicemia, the best course of treatment is to treat the underlying illness or risk factors while simultaneously providing supportive care, such as fluid therapy to keep the animal hydrated and its blood pressure stable. Skinks may still die from septicemia even after treatment, so it's crucial to get them to the vet quickly and take precautions to avoid bacterial infections.

<ins>Symptoms</ins> <ul> <li>Weakness and lethargy</li> <li>Decreased hunger</li> <li>Shortness of breath</li> <li>Skin discoloration or mottling</li> <li>Problems with the nervous system</li> <li>Rhythmic heartbeat</li> <li>Low BP level</li> <li>Dysfunction or immobility</li> <li>There are wounds or abscesses present.</li> <li>Cryo- or fever-related systemic symptoms</li> </ul>

<ins>Transmission</ins> <ul> <li>Bacterial infections, particularly those that go untreated, may enter the bloodstream via open wounds or injuries.</li> <li>The skink is more likely to become sick if its habitat is not properly cleaned.</li> <li>Drinking polluted water or eating tainted food might put dangerous germs into the skink's digestive tract.</li> <li>Inadequate temperature, humidity, or handling are examples of environmental stresses that might impair a skink's immune system and leave it vulnerable to bacterial diseases.</li> <li>Skinks are more likely to develop septicemia if they have other diseases at the same time, especially if such infections weaken their immune system. These infections may be of the respiratory or gastrointestinal kind.</li> </ul>

<ins>Diagnosis</ins> <ul> <li>In a physical examination, a vet looks for symptoms of disease like as a lack of energy, unusual skin coloration, or trouble breathing in the skink.</li> <li>In order to identify potential infections, abnormalities in white blood cell counts, or indications of inflammation, blood samples are examined.</li> <li>To check for fluid buildup or organ abnormalities, X-rays or ultrasound scans could be done.</li> <li>The exact bacteria responsible for an illness may be identified and their antibiotic susceptibility tested by growing bacterial cultures from blood samples.</li> <li>To assess the health of important organs like the kidneys and liver, further blood tests may be ordered.</li> <li>In order to determine the root reasons, the vet may ask questions about the skink's living circumstances, any recent injuries it may have had, or its exposure to any infection vectors.</li> </ul>

<ins>Treatment</ins> <ul> <li>To treat bacterial infections, antibiotic treatment involves giving patients broad-spectrum antibiotics to kill the germs and stop them from spreading. Antibiotic selection may be dictated by the outcomes of culture and sensitivity tests.</li> <li>Provide fluid treatment to keep the skink hydrated, nutritional assistance to strengthen its immune system, and temperature adjustment to make it as comfortable as possible; these are examples of supportive care.</li> <li>In order to stop the spread of infection and speed up the healing process, wounds and abscesses must be cleaned and dressed regularly.</li> <li>Managing pain: giving medicine to ease pain from the infection or any damage that may have resulted from it.</li> <li>If the skink is having trouble breathing, it may be given more oxygen.</li> <li>Consistently keeping an eye on the skink's vital signs, blood parameters, and reaction to treatment allows us to make any necessary adjustments to therapy and detect any potential consequences.</li> <li>Making changes to the skink's environment, like as keeping it at a comfortable temperature, keeping it at a suitable humidity level, and keeping it clean, will help it recover more quickly.</li> <li>To remove contaminated tissue and promote healing, surgical drainage or debridement may be required in situations of severe infection or abscesses.</li> <li>Prevention: Taking steps to avoid more infections by, for example, enhancing cleanliness, dealing with risk factors, and reducing environmental stresses for the skink.</li> </ul>

Metabolic Bone Disease MBD

Skinks and other reptiles are susceptible to Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD), a crippling disease that mostly results from insufficient amounts of vitamin D3 and calcium. Bone and muscle development and maintenance depend on calcium, and vitamin D3 helps the body absorb calcium. In order to make up for food deficiencies, skinks will draw calcium from their bones, which weakens and distorts their skeletons. Skinks with multiple sclerosis often have bent limbs, swollen joints, soft or deformed bones, and trouble moving or sustaining their own weight. Skeletal anomalies may make it hard for skinks to move about and do things like hunt or bask, which can have a major impact on their quality of life. Poor husbandry techniques, insufficient exposure to UVB light, and an unhealthy diet are the main culprits when it comes to skinks developing MBD. Skinks get most of the calcium they need from the food they eat, which includes bugs, plants, and supplements that are high in calcium. Skinks are susceptible to MBD because they have trouble absorbing and metabolizing calcium if they do not get enough UVB radiation or if they do not get enough calcium in their food. Skinks may be protected against MBD by eating a balanced diet that includes calcium and vitamin D3, having access to UVB illumination, and keeping their surroundings in an ideal state. Severe instances of MBD may cause permanent damage to the skeleton and persistent discomfort in skinks, thus it is critical to recognize and treat the condition early on. Maintaining pet skinks' skeletal health and wellness requires proactive husbandry methods and regular veterinarian check-ups.

<ins>Symptoms</ins> <ul> <li>Limbs bowed or bones curving in an abnormal way</li> <li>Muscular or pliable skeleton</li> <li>Enlarged or swollen joints</li> <li>Challenges with mobility or maintaining one's own weight</li> <li>Uneasiness with walking or climbing</li> <li>Especially when subjected to low levels of stress, bone fractures</li> <li>Feeling lethargic or with less hunger</li> <li>Shaking or jerking of the muscles</li> <li>Growth retardation or incomplete maturation</li> <li>Manifestations of skeletal abnormalities, including lumps or kinks</li> </ul>

<ins>Transmission</ins> It is not possible to transfer Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) from one skink to another. Instead, it manifests due to poor husbandry techniques or insufficient food consumption. Nevertheless, the following are a few bullet point lists of elements that lead to MBD development: <ul> <li>Skinks may have MBD from a lack of calcium or vitamin D3 in their diet.</li> <li>Lack of ultraviolet B light: Skinks can't produce enough vitamin D3 to absorb calcium without UVB light. Contributing to MBD is an inadequate amount of UVB radiation.</li> <li>Careless handling of livestock: Inadequate substrate, humidity, or temperature gradients may affect the skink's calcium absorption capacity and lead to MBD.</li> <li>Skinks may be more likely to develop metabolic diseases, including MBD, if they have a family history of these conditions.</li> <li>The skink's general health and immunological function may be impacted by environmental stresses such overpopulation, improper handling, or an absence of hiding spots, which can lead to MBD.</li> </ul>

<ins>Diagnosis</ins> <ul> <li>In a physical examination, a vet looks for symptoms of skeletal abnormalities such swollen joints, bent limbs, or soft bones in the skink.</li> <li>To better understand the skink's history of MBD, it is helpful to collect data on its food, husbandry methods, and behavior.</li> <li>Imaging investigations, including radiography (X-rays), are used to evaluate the skink's skeletal framework and identify any anomalies, such bone thinning or breaks.</li> <li>Analyses of blood samples may reveal metabolic bone problems by measuring factors like calcium and phosphorus levels.</li> <li>UVB evaluation: checking if the UVB lighting system is giving enough light for vitamin D3 production.</li> <li>To assess if the skink is getting enough vitamin D3 and calcium, a dietary study is performed.</li> <li>Assessing environmental elements including temperature gradients, humidity levels, and substrate choices in order to discover probable factors leading to MBD is an evaluation of husbandry techniques.</li> </ul>

<ins>Treatment</ins> <ul> <li>Adding vitamin D3 and calcium supplements to the diet may help make up for deficits and promote healthy bones.</li> <li>Exposure to ultraviolet B radiation: Making sure the skink gets enough UVB light so it can absorb calcium and produce vitamin D3.</li> <li>Skinks may have their diets supplemented with calcium by adding meals such leafy greens, insects that are already rich in calcium, and dietary supplements.</li> <li>Optimal environmental conditions include a constant supply of oxygen, a moderate amount of humidity, and suitable substrates for growth and development.</li> <li>Skinks need regular checkups with a reptile doctor so that they can track their development, make adjustments to their treatment plan as necessary, and handle any problems that may arise.</li> <li>supporting care: Enhancing the skink's general health and well-being via the provision of supporting measures such hydration therapy, pain treatment, and nutritional assistance.</li> <li>Physical therapy or rehabilitation activities may help skinks with severe skeletal abnormalities improve their mobility and muscular strength. This process is known as rehabilitation.</li> <li>Prevention: Taking steps to reduce the likelihood of a recurrence of MBD by measures such as good husbandry, frequent veterinarian checkups, and continued nutritional supplements.</li> </ul>

Diseases

Thermal Stress

When skinks are subjected to high temperatures, it may have a devastating effect on their health, causing many behavioral and physiological problems. A lot of reptiles, including skinks, are ectothermic, meaning they get their heat from outside the body. Skinks are susceptible to heat stress, which may impair their immune system, metabolism, and general well-being when exposed to temperatures well outside their ideal range. Lethargy, fast breathing, dehydration, and, in extreme circumstances, organ failure are indications of heat stress or heat stroke, which may occur in skinks after prolonged exposure to very high temperatures. On the other side, hypothermia may set in after being in the cold for too long, which in turn causes fatigue, a slower metabolism, and impaired immunological function. Inadequate heating or cooling gradients, as well as other temperature changes inside the skink's cage, may interfere with thermoregulation and cause thermal stress. Skinks may exhibit behaviors such as hiding, extended periods of basking, or seeking out or avoiding certain temperature zones inside their cage when they are under thermal stress. To keep skinks from overheating, it's important to provide them with a well-balanced environment that allows them to regulate their body temperature. If you want to make sure your pet skink stays healthy, you need to keep an eye on its behavior and the temperature of its habitat. If you see any symptoms of thermal stress, you need to act quickly.

<ins>Symptoms </ins> <ul> <li>Feeling lethargic or less active</li> <li>Breathing that is quick or difficult</li> <li>Breathing via one's mouth while panting</li> <li>Dry skin, watery eyes, and a generalized lack of moisture</li> <li>Defiant positions (such being pushed flat against a surface or spread out)</li> <li>Excessively seeking for warmer or colder spots inside the cage</li> <li>Making a den or a tunnel to avoid very hot or cold environments</li> <li>Decreased hunger or outright rejection of food</li> <li>Variations in skin tone (e.g., lighter or darker than normal)</li> <li>Seizures and tremors are examples of neurological symptoms.</li> </ul>

<ins>Diagnosis</ins> <ul> <li>Check the skink's habitat for heat and cold sources, gradients in temperature, and anything else that might cause thermal stress.</li> <li>Keep an eye on the skink to observe if it shows any symptoms of heat stress (such as huddling or reduced activity) or cold stress (such as seeking out cooler spots or panting).</li> <li>Maintain a temperature range suitable for the skink's species by keeping track of the room's surface and ambient temperatures using thermometers and gauges.</li> <li>To determine the skink's general health and to identify and eliminate any other possible sources of disease or discomfort, a comprehensive physical examination is required.</li> <li>Consult a veterinarian that specializes in reptiles and has expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of skink thermal stress for an in-depth assessment and recommendations.</li> </ul>

<ins>Treatment</ins> <ul> <li>To help the skink maintain a comfortable internal temperature, make sure there are chilly and warm spots in its habitat.</li> <li>The ideal temperature for a skink species may be maintained by adjusting the heating and cooling sources as required.</li> <li>Make sure to provide fresh water on a frequent basis to avoid dehydration, particularly when heat stress is present.</li> <li>In order to alleviate heat stress, you may either provide a shallow dish of water or spritz the cage to make it more humid.</li> <li>During hot spells, reduce the room temperature using fans, misters, or air conditioning.</li> <li>Skinks like cool places to relax, so provide them with ceramic tiles or pebbles.</li> <li>Make sure there are sufficient heating sources to avoid chilly stress, particularly during colder times or at night.</li> <li>Make sure there are warm places for the fish to bask in the tank by using heating pads or lights.</li> <li>If the skink's health does not improve after making environmental improvements or if it displays indications of severe suffering or disease, it is important to seek veterinarian assistance.</li> <li>To treat any issues that may arise from heat stress, your veterinarian may suggest further supportive care such medicine or fluid therapy.</li> </ul>

Mite Infestations

Infestations of mites may be a major problem for skinks, leading to itching, pain, and even health problems. Skink blood is the food source for these microscopic external parasites, which may quickly proliferate into a severe infestation if not controlled. Excessive rubbing or scratching against surfaces, reddening or irritation of the skin, visible mites on the skin or within the enclosure, and, in extreme circumstances, anemia or weakening from blood loss are all signs of a mite infestation in skinks. In addition to making the skink's health worse, mites may spread illnesses and secondary infections. Keeping the skink's habitat and its accessories clean and disinfected on a regular basis and separating new babies from their mothers before exposing them to the rest of the population are all part of sound hygiene practices that may help keep mite infestations at bay. In most cases, the best course of action is to personally remove the mites, use a mite treatment that is suitable for reptiles, and then deal with any environmental issues that might be causing the infestation. If skinks are to avoid further damage to their health from mite infestations, swift action is required.

<ins>Symptoms</ins> <ul> <li>The practice of repeatedly scuffing or scraping surfaces</li> <li>Inflammation, redness, or irritation of the skin</li> <li>Crawling mites that may be seen on the skin of the skink, most often in the areas around the eyes, ears, and vent</li> <li>There are mite droppings on the skin or surfaces of the cage, which look like little black dots.</li> <li>Anxiety related to restlessness</li> <li>Feeling less hungry or losing weight</li> <li>In the case of severe infestations, anemia or weakness may develop.</li> <li>Mite bites, skin lesions, or open wounds caused by scratching</li> <li>Modifications in behavior, include withdrawing from social situations or hiding more often</li> <li>Mite bites and subsequent discomfort may lead to secondary illnesses or dermatitis.</li> </ul>

<ins>Diagnosis</ins> <ul> <li>A visual inspection involves looking closely at the skink from head to toe, paying special attention to the regions around the eyes, ears, vent, and beneath the scales—all of which are popular hiding places for mites.</li> <li>Using a magnifying glass: Finding mites, eggs, or droppings on the skink or in its habitat by examining it under a microscope.</li> <li>For the purpose of detecting mites, their eggs, or excrement, it is necessary to collect samples of skin cells or detritus, which are then examined under a microscope.</li> <li>Analysis of contextual elements: Verifying the skink's environment for evidence of a mite infestation, including the presence of mites or their droppings, and pinpointing any possible entry points for the pests.</li> <li>Treatment response: starting the right treatment and keeping an eye on how the skink is doing after therapy if a mite infestation is detected based on symptoms and results from the diagnostic.</li> </ul>

<ins>Treatments</ins> <ul> <li>Using a gentle brush or tweezers, gently pluck the mites from the skin of the skink. It takes time and careful execution of this procedure to get rid of mites and their eggs.</li> <li>Treatments used topically include sprays, dips, or spot-on solutions that are safe for reptiles and used to treat mites on skinks. To eliminate mites, these treatments usually include pesticides or acaricides.</li> <li>To treat the skink's environment, you may use disinfectants or reptile-safe mite sprays to get rid of the mites and stop them from coming back. To get rid of mite eggs and larvae, you have to clean and disinfect the cage very well.</li> <li>In order to treat and monitor infected skinks more precisely, it is necessary to quarantine them from other reptiles. This will stop the mites from spreading.</li> <li>Treatments should be administered numerous times per veterinarian's recommendation to completely eliminate mites and all phases of their life cycle. If the infestation persists after the first treatment, more treatments may be required.</li> <li>Environmental modifications. Making adjustments to the skink's environment, such as enhancing cleanliness habits, regulating humidity levels, and reducing hiding places for mites, to lessen the likelihood of infection.</li> <li>To avoid further mite infestations, it is important to regularly clean and disinfect the skink's enclosure and accessories as part of the preventative measures. Regular monitoring is also necessary.</li> </ul>

Sickness

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If you want your skink to have a long, healthy life, you must provide it with full coverage for veterinary treatment. Having this coverage gives you peace of mind since it covers any veterinarian treatment your skink needs, whether it's a regular exam, medicine for diseases, or emergency surgery. Skinks, like any pets, are susceptible to a wide range of health problems, from everyday diseases to life-threatening situations. You can provide your skink the medical treatment it needs without worrying about the cost when you have veterinarian care coverage. If you want to keep an eye on your skink's health and catch any problems early, regular checks are a must. If you have veterinary care coverage, you won't have to second-guess taking your skink in for checkups and treatments since you won't have to worry about the cost. Also, with veterinary care coverage, you won't have to worry about how you'll pay for your skink's prescriptions for things like respiratory infections or metabolic bone disease. This way, you can focus on your skink's health without worrying about money. Veterinarian coverage is priceless in case of an unexpected medical emergency or surgical procedure. No one can predict when an accident, injury, or unforeseen sickness may occur. You may give your skink the quick medical care it needs, such surgeries or specialized treatments, without worrying about the astronomical price of emergency vet care, thanks to coverage. You can rest easy knowing that you're ready to deal with any health issues that may arise during your skink's life and that it will get the finest treatment available in an emergency thanks to veterinary care coverage.

Veterinary Care Coverage

Skink injury coverage is a lifesaver in case your pet suffers an accident-related injury. including many reptiles, skinks have a tendency to have accidents in their cage, including falling or crashing. From little scrapes to more serious injuries like broken bones, these mishaps may cause it all. With injury coverage, you won't have to worry about how you'll pay for your skink's vet treatment if it needs it quickly. Your skink will get the care it needs to heal and flourish regardless of the severity of its condition. This includes both small cuts and more severe wounds that may need veterinarian intervention. In addition to injuries, your skink's insurance plan covers a wide range of illnesses and conditions. Among the many diseases and conditions that fall under this umbrella are those involving the respiratory system, metabolic disorders, and viral infections. Veterinarian therapy is necessary for skinks, as it is for other living things, when they encounter health problems. Whether these health problems develop gradually over time or emerge unexpectedly, having health coverage will allow you to treat them swiftly. This insurance will make sure you can take your skink to the vet when it becomes sick or injured so it can get better quickly. You may rest easy knowing that your skink is financially protected and medically covered with complete accident and illness insurance. If you have a plan in place to deal with unforeseen medical expenses, you can give your skink the finest treatment possible without worrying about how you'll pay for it. Having coverage allows you to prioritize your skink's health and comfort, whether it's a little injury or a significant health condition. This helps to preserve a pleasant and healthy connection between you and your pet.

Injury Coverage

An important part of skink insurance is diagnosis cover, which helps pay for tests that doctors need to diagnose health problems and decide how to treat them. Accurate diagnosis is vital for making sure skinks get the right treatment since, like any pet, they may have a wide range of health issues. Assessing the health state of skinks relies heavily on diagnostic testing such endoscopy, ultrasonography, radiography, and bloodwork. Now that you have diagnostic insurance, you may confidently pursue these tests for your skink's health care. The expenses will be covered, so you can make an educated choice. Numerous skink diseases may be accurately diagnosed with the use of diagnostic imaging techniques including as endoscopy, ultrasonography, radiography, and bloodwork. Veterinarians may diagnose gastrointestinal or respiratory diseases in skinks with the use of endoscopy, which enables them to see inside the animal's body. Veterinarians may use ultrasonography to find anomalies like tumors or enlarged organs because it gives comprehensive pictures of the internal organs. Radiography, also known as X-rays, may help diagnose skeletal abnormalities, internal traumas, and fractures. The skink's general health state, including possible infections, organ function, and metabolic imbalances, may be learned via bloodwork, which includes a variety of assays such biochemical profiles and full blood counts. Skink owners no longer have to worry about the financial burden of extensive diagnostic assessments thanks to diagnosis cover. Effective treatment and management of skink health issues requires timely and precise diagnosis. Diagnosis insurance pays for skink diagnostics, so pet owners may collaborate with vets to create individualized treatment regimens that will work for their dogs. Skink owners and their veterinarian care team have a stronger link via this coverage, which improves the health and well-being of individual skinks and fosters a proactive attitude to skink health management.

Diagnosis Cover

Includes everything from critical care to emergency procedures to veterinary treatments that are available after hours and on weekends for skinks. Skink insurance would not be complete without emergency care coverage, which pays for a variety of after-hours veterinarian treatments. Skinks, like any pets, are susceptible to unanticipated health emergencies that need prompt medical treatment, such as serious illnesses, injuries, or complications. Coverage for critical care, emergency operations, and veterinary treatments at any hour of the day or night, including holidays and weekends, relieves financial stress for skink owners. When you get skink insurance, you can rest easy knowing that help will be there for your reptile whenever it needs it. Critical care and emergency treatments for skinks may include stabilizing vital signs, administering emergency drugs, managing wounds, and providing supportive therapy, among other interventions. When skinks have serious health problems including respiratory distress, injuries, or infections, it is crucial to get them to a vet as soon as possible so they may have a better chance of recovering. With emergency care coverage, skink owners may take their pets to the vet right away, even if it's outside of the usual business hours. This way, any serious health issues can be addressed without delay. Skinks' health and survival in the face of unexpected medical emergencies depend on having access to emergency veterinarian treatment outside of regular business hours and on weekends. In the event of an emergency, skink owners may rest easy knowing that their pets will get the vital care and medical treatments they need thanks to emergency care coverage. By offering financial protection and removing any doubt about prioritizing their pets' health and welfare, this coverage encourages skink owners to take a proactive approach to emergency preparedness and guarantees that skinks receive the thorough and prompt care they need when it matters most.

Emergency Care Coverage

In order to help pay for a range of surgical treatments done by veterinarians who are board-certified, skink insurance includes surgical procedures coverage. Injuries, birth defects, tumors, or foreign objects are just a few of the reasons skinks could need surgery. This plan often covers orthopedic operations, which include procedures to mend bones or address joint difficulties, as well as soft tissue surgeries, which include procedures to remove tumors or organs. The expense of these surgeries is covered, so skink owners can rest easy knowing their pets will get the medical care they need. The surgical treatment of skinks is of the highest degree since board-certified veterinarians have extensive training and knowledge in these specialties. Skink owners may be certain that the veterinary surgeons who conduct orthopedic, soft tissue, and other specialty surgeries are highly skilled and competent. Skink owners may seek out the knowledge of these competent specialists since surgical procedures coverage enables them to. This way, their pets can get the finest medical treatment available to meet their health requirements. Surgical operations, such as repairing fractures or removing tumors, may have a major influence on skinks' health and overall well-being. Skink owners should rest easy knowing that their pets can afford to have board-certified veterinarians perform any necessary surgical operations on their pets. Not only does this coverage safeguard skink owners financially, but it also gives them the knowledge they need to make educated decisions regarding their pets' healthcare, increasing the likelihood that they will be able to afford specialized surgical procedures that can improve their pets' health and well-being.

Surgical Procedures Coverage

Essential to the health and well-being of skinks, medications coverage provides financial support for recommended vitamins, medicines, and therapeutic treatments. Medications are necessary for the management of several animal health issues, including infections, metabolic problems, dietary inadequacies, and skinks. Coverage for drugs allows skink owners to rest easy knowing their pets can get the nutrients and pharmaceuticals recommended by their vets. You can rest easy knowing that skinks can get the medicine they need to be healthy and happy with this coverage. Vitamin supplements to repair nutritional deficiencies, antiparasitic treatments to address internal or external parasites, antibiotics to treat bacterial infections—these are some of the medications that may be prescribed for skinks. It is possible to treat skinks for respiratory problems, skink infections, or other ailments using topical ointments or oral drugs. Skink owners may follow their physicians' treatment recommendations and achieve the best possible health results for their pets with the help of pharmaceuticals coverage, which guarantees that these drugs can be obtained quickly and inexpensively. For skink health issues to be properly managed and treated, it is necessary that prescription drugs be readily available. When skink owners have prescription coverage, they can focus on their dogs' health and wellness by making sure they get the nutrients and drugs that vets recommend. Because of this coverage, skink owners may provide their pets the finest medical treatment possible to promote their health and lifespan without worrying about the cost burden of veterinary pharmaceuticals. It also makes proactive healthcare management easier.

Medications Coverage

Insurance for skinks must include preventative care, which includes a variety of steps taken in advance to ensure the longevity and health of these reptiles. Regular preventive care may help skinks, like any pet, detect health problems early and treat them before they worsen. Coverage for preventative care may include veterinary checkups to check the skink's vitals, spot any problems, and advise you on how to provide it the best possible care. In order to keep an eye on the skink's health and catch any problems early, these checks are crucial. Additionally, preventive care coverage could pay for skink testing like bloodwork and feces exams. In order to assess the internal health of a skink, identify any parasites or underlying medical issues, and choose the best course of therapy, veterinarians use diagnostic tests. Preventative health insurance for skinks pays for diagnostic testing so that pet owners may have their creatures checked out thoroughly and fix any problems as soon as they arise. Better health outcomes for skinks are achieved by this proactive approach to health management, which supports the early diagnosis of possible issues. Coverage for skink preventive care may include vaccines and parasite treatment, two essential parts of skink preventive care. Vaccines shield skinks against prevalent infectious diseases, while deworming drugs and flea/tick preventatives help keep infestations at bay and parasite-related illnesses to a minimum. Skink owners may protect their pets from avoidable illnesses by taking preventive measures, such as getting them vaccinated and having them treated for parasites, thanks to preventative care coverage. This article highlights the significance of proactive healthcare management in promoting the health and lifespan of skinks. It also ensures their entire well-being.

Preventative Care Coverage

For reptile owners who often travel with their pets or want to do so in the future, skink travel insurance is a great resource. Whether you're going on a quick vacation or a longer adventure, travel insurance may help cover medical expenses, including emergency veterinary care, that may arise while you're away. Like any other kind of animal, skinks are susceptible to travel-related diseases, accidents, and other unanticipated medical crises. Skink owners can rest easy knowing their pets will get the care they need while they're away from home thanks to travel insurance that helps pay for veterinary bills. Because skink owners should always have emergency veterinarian care coverage on hand, it is especially important for skinks to do so when traveling. Emergency veterinary care, diagnostic tests, prescriptions, and treatments for injuries or illnesses that occur while traveling may be covered by this insurance. Travel insurance for Skinks allows their owners to rest easy, knowing that their pets will be able to get the medical care they need no matter where they are. With skink travel insurance, pet owners can relax and enjoy their trips without worrying about how they will pay for unexpected vet bills. Travel insurance protects skinks and their access to medical treatment in the event of an emergency, whether they are traveling by road, air, or attending reptile displays and exhibits. In the end, this coverage improves the safety, comfort, and well-being of skinks traveling, which encourages responsible pet ownership by promoting preparation for any health hazards while travel.

Travel Insurance

Assuring pet owners of financial security in the case of theft or loss is an important part of skink insurance. Theft or inadvertent escape from their cage, whether at home or while abroad, may happen to any pet, even skinks. To help owners cope with the emotional and financial strain that comes with losing a skink, theft or loss coverage may provide cash compensation or even help in finding the animal. Skink owners may rest easy knowing that they have coverage to assist them reclaim their cherished pets. The psychological toll on skink keepers may be high in the case of abduction, death, or unintentional elopement. Because skinks are beloved pets, their loss may be devastating to those who care about them. To assist defray some of the expenses connected with looking for and retrieving the lost skink, theft or loss coverage provides cash compensation. To make sure that owners have access to resources to help with the search, this coverage does things like paying for advertising and outreach, offering rewards for information that leads to the skink's return, or even covering the costs of professional assistance. Also, if your skink is ever located or recovered, the insurance company may help you get them back together with their owners if they were stolen or lost. In order to ensure the skink's safe return to its owner, this aid may include coordinating with local authorities, shelters, or rescue groups. Also, if the skink is hurt or needs medical treatment after being found, the expenses for that can be covered by the theft or loss policy. Theft or loss coverage helps pet owners by compensating them financially or assisting with the search for lost skinks, which is a great comfort to them at a difficult and uncertain time.

Theft or Loss Coverage

Elevate your skink's health with our specialized vaccination services. Tailored to their unique needs, our vaccines offer proactive protection against common diseases, ensuring your skink's longevity and vitality. From hatchling to adult, trust our expert care to safeguard your reptile companion. Prevent infections and boost immunity with our comprehensive vaccination solutions. Explore our skink vaccination options today and embark on a journey to a healthier, happier reptile.

Skinks are particularly vulnerable to the reptile herpesvirus (RVHV), which causes serious illness and sometimes death in infected populations. To protect the health of skinks both in captivity and in the wild, it is essential to create a vaccination that targets RVHV. Vaccinating skinks against RVHV helps reduce the likelihood of illness and its related complications by giving them protection to this specific strain of herpesvirus. Caretakers and conservationists seek to reduce the transmission of the virus and its effects on vulnerable individuals by delivering the RVHV vaccination to skinks. This creates a barrier of protection within populations. In areas where RVHV is a major concern, this preventative measure helps to stabilize and strengthen skink populations as a whole, while also protecting the health of individual skinks. To further reduce the likelihood of population reductions caused by RVHV, vaccination campaigns are an important part of conservation efforts to protect endangered skink species. Research into and use of a skink vaccination against RVHV further highlights the need for preventative disease management tactics in reptile preservation initiatives. Scientists and environmentalists show they care for skinks and want to ensure their future by finding solutions to the unique health problems caused by RVHV. Veterinarians and wildlife biologists are responsible for managing and monitoring skink populations. The availability of a vaccine for RVHV is a valuable tool that will help them implement effective measures to prevent and control diseases that could infect these reptiles.

Reptile Herpesvirus RVHV vaccine

Paramyxovirus infection is a major risk to skink populations because it causes neurological and respiratory symptoms, which may progress to serious disease or death. The creation and distribution of a skink vaccination against the Paramyxovirus is an important step toward preventing the catastrophic impact of this virus on these reptiles. In order to decrease the chance of infection and lessen the severity of symptoms in the event of exposure, the main goal of the Paramyxovirus vaccination is to activate the skink's immune system to develop protective antibodies against the virus. Caretakers and conservationists want to reduce the spread of Paramyxovirus and its effects on vulnerable persons by vaccination skinks against the virus. This will create an immune barrier among populations. This preventative measure improves the well-being of individual skinks and helps skink populations as a whole, which is especially important in areas where Paramyxovirus is a major threat. Furthermore, conservation efforts to protect endangered skink species rely heavily on vaccination programs to reduce the risk of population losses caused by Paramyxovirus. The creation and use of a vaccine against Paramyxovirus further highlights the need of preventative disease management tactics in reptile preservation initiatives. Researchers and conservationists are showing their dedication to skink welfare and long-term survival by tackling the unique health hazards caused by Paramyxovirus. Veterinarians and wildlife biologists now have a powerful tool in the form of a vaccine against Paramyxovirus, which they can use to keep tabs on skink populations and safeguard these reptiles from the dangers of viral infection.

Paramyxovirus vaccine

Skinks are vulnerable to salmonella infections because the reptiles may spread the bacterium from one species to another, which might cause disease in people as well as skinks. To combat this danger and ensure the safety of skink populations and humans alike, it is essential to create and administer a salmonella vaccination that is particular to skinks. The main goal of the Salmonella vaccination for skinks is to reduce the likelihood of infection and transmission by triggering the immune system to create antibodies that attack and destroy Salmonella germs. Caretakers and conservationists vaccinate skinks against Salmonella in the hopes of creating an immune barrier within populations, which will reduce the bacteria's frequency and the chance of skinks acting as carriers. By taking this preventative measure, we can ensure that skinks remain healthy and that humans are not exposed to Salmonella, which is especially important in environments where skinks are maintained near to people. Vaccination campaigns also help with public health in general by decreasing the number of skink encounters that may cause Salmonella infections, making the environment safer for animals and people. The development and deployment of a skink vaccination against Salmonella underscores the need of thorough disease control measures in reptile conservation initiatives. Researchers and conservationists are showing their dedication to preserving the health and sustainability of skink populations by tackling the unique health problems provided by Salmonella. This will also minimize the possibility for zoonotic transmission of pathogens to humans. In addition, wildlife experts and veterinarians now have a valuable tool in the Salmonella vaccine. This will help them monitor and manage skink populations, which is crucial for the health of both the skinks and the ecosystem as a whole.

Salmonella vaccine

Adenovirus infections are a major problem for skink populations because they cause a lot of problems, such respiratory distress, gastrointestinal problems, and sometimes even mortality. The only way to stop the spread of this virus and ensure the survival of skink populations is to create and distribute a vaccine that is unique to this virus, which is known as an Adenovirus. Vaccinating skinks against Adenoviruses helps lower the chance of infection and lessens the virus's impact on vulnerable humans by stimulating the immune system to develop antibodies that can identify and kill the virus. Caretakers and conservationists vaccinate skinks against Adenovirus in the hopes of creating a protective immunity in the population, which would reduce the virus's frequency and the likelihood of outbreaks and heavy mortality and morbidity among skinks. In addition to improving the general well-being and resistance of skink populations, this preventative measure is key in preserving the harmony and integrity of ecosystems in which skinks are important players. In addition to reducing the likelihood of population reductions caused by Adenovirus, vaccination campaigns support larger conservation efforts to protect fragile skink species. The creation and use of an Adenovirus vaccine further highlights the need of preventative disease control tactics in reptile preservation initiatives. Skinks' well-being and future survival are being safeguarded by scientists and environmentalists who are tackling the unique health threats presented by Adenovirus. The availability of an Adenovirus vaccine also gives wildlife biologists and veterinarians a powerful tool for keeping tabs on skink populations and preventing the spread of disease. This will ensure that these reptiles are safe from Adenovirus.

Adenovirus vaccine

The little diurnal skinks of the genus Carlia are famous for the colorful and interesting rainbow skinks. The progenitors of the Carlia genus adapted to different conditions as the continents slowly drifted away, beginning their evolutionary journey on the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana. One of the best places to see Carlia spp. in action is Australia, home to a wide variety of species that have adapted to the continent's extreme weather and other environmental conditions. Because of the region's complicated geological history—which includes tectonic plate collisions and the creation of island archipelagos—the distribution and speciation of these skinks have been shaped by Southeast Asia, which also plays an important part in their evolutionary history. The development of Carlia spp. has been complicated by human activities like colonization and commerce, which resulted in the unintended introduction of non-native populations to new regions. Carlia spp. are easily recognizable by their slim bodies, robust limbs, and vibrant coloring, which often includes shades of yellow, green, and blue. These little reptiles help keep local food chains and ecosystems in check, but their impact is substantial. Preserving the different habitats of Carlia spp. and mitigating human-induced threats to these unique and ecologically valuable lizards are of the utmost importance, but effective conservation efforts cannot be implemented without first understanding their origin and evolutionary history.

Carlia skinks are generally not very child-friendly as they are shy and can be stressed by handling. They are small, agile, and prefer hiding in warm habitats.

Child Friendly

Characteristics

Behaviour

Bite Force

Carlia skinks need proper care for a healthy life. With good training, breeding care, grooming, and understanding their origin, your pet’s well-being improves.

Live In

Training

Exercise

Grooming

When keeping a Carlia skink as a pet, consider providing toys for enrichment, offering high-quality, nutritious food, and ensuring their safety and well-being.

Toys

Serving Food

Clothes

Track Location

When buying food for your Carlia, check the nutritional value, basic ingredients, and shelf life of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian options to ensure optimal health.

Food

Similar to the broad-headed skink (Plestiodon laticeps), the little diurnal skinks of the genus Carlia spp. inhabit the same regions of the world: Australia, Southeast Asia, and

Water

Ensuring the well-being and health of captive Carlia spp, these fascinating small diurnal skinks, similarly depends on the availability of adequate water. Although

Time Spent

It is critical to provide and maintain a suitable habitat for skinks of the Carlia spp. species. An important part of their care is making sure their cage is safe and

Place To Sleep

Carlia spp skinks, similar to their Blue-tongued skink relatives, also experience a mating season influenced by temperature and photoperiod. Typically, warmer months create

When caring for Carlia skinks, consider their prehistoric lineage, seasonal migration patterns, and preference for warm, dry habitats. They date back to the Cretaceous period.

Prehistoric Period

Migration

Comfortable Habitat

Carlia

Carlia is a genus of small, diurnal skinks belonging to the family Scincidae, commonly known as 'rainbow skinks.' The genus Carlia is home to a wide variety of species that may be found all over the world, but especially in the Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia, and Australia. These skinks are easily recognizable by their slim bodies, robust limbs, and colorful patterns that often include shades of yellow, green, and blue. The intriguing history of these reptiles may be better understood by delving into the genus's genesis and evolutionary history, even if the genus now has a wide range. Carlia spp. skinks most likely descended from a lineage that lived on the long-gone Gondwanan supercontinent. Over millions of years, when Gondwana started to split apart, the continents moved, taking Carlia's ancestors with them. As these ancestor groups adapted to different habitats and ecological niches, the genus underwent diversification. With a large number of species found there, Australia is an important place in the evolutionary timeline of Carlia spp. Different species within the genus evolved as a result of the unique evolutionary processes made possible by Australia's isolation. Different ecological niches were filled by Carlia skinks in Australia's diverse environments, which led to their diversification. These niches ranged from dry deserts to verdant rainforests.

Unlock the world of Carlia lizards with expert care tips, habitat advice, and behavior insights. Learn how to provide optimal care for these fascinating reptiles.

Discover Carlia Care Tips Habitat and Behavior Insights

Carlia spp, commonly known as rainbow skinks, constitutes a genus of small, diurnal lizards within the family Scincidae.With a diverse range of species, these skinks are widely distributed across Australia, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands.Adaptations to new habitats were a part of Carlia's evolutionary history, which began on the ancient Gondwanan supercontinent.Because of the wide variety of habitats found throughout the continent, from dry deserts to verdant rainforests, Australia is home to a large number of species that have evolved to thrive in this genus.Special speciation processes within the genus have been facilitated by Australia's isolation.The complicated geological history of Southeast Asia has also played an important influence in shaping the range and diversification of Carlia species.The varied habitats accessible to these skinks are a result of tectonic plate collisions and the creation of island archipelagos.

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<div style="position:relative">Type A  combination of chicken and beef as the main ingredients</div>
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<div style="position:relative">Type B  combination of chicken diced, egg yolk diced, raw bone meat, and chicken liver as the main ingredients</div>
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<div style="position:relative"> Product features:</div>
<div style="position:relative">Cut and compound whole egg yolk</div>
<div style="position:relative">Freeze-dried to keep fresh</div>
<div style="position:relative">Suitable for cats and dogs</div>
<div style="position:relative">Nutritious, with additional meal options</div>
<div style="position:relative">
Purchase wholesale price, economical 
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<div style="position:relative">Precautions:</div>
<div style="position:relative">1. As we all know , the different computers display colors differently, the color of the actual item may vary slightly from the following images.</div>
<div style="position:relative">2. If you feel difficult to choose the size, you can feel free to contact mewe will give you some suggestion, but it is for you reference only.</div>
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<img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sd8364c643eb5429a805721762b2bbc81T.jpg?width=790&amp;height=392&amp;hash=1182" usemap="#_sdmap_0" slate-data-type="image"> <img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S0d4fb7a83d904f18832a22ff3c5466506.jpg?width=790&amp;height=1008&amp;hash=1798" usemap="#_sdmap_1" slate-data-type="image"> <img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S7c5208bc3a6b4b099da713710fb5b5ca1.jpg?width=750&amp;height=800&amp;hash=1550" usemap="#_sdmap_3" slate-data-type="image"> <img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sa0bab2f60cc34111a3d42cf8c379cd70y.jpg?width=790&amp;height=1440&amp;hash=2230" usemap="#_sdmap_4" slate-data-type="image"> <img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sccb12742dc54415187f62e00e16e8a12n.jpg?width=790&amp;height=1220&amp;hash=2010" usemap="#_sdmap_5" slate-data-type="image"> <img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sff2bedd8f9d14047a6941245a529fb9el.jpg?width=790&amp;height=1340&amp;hash=2130" usemap="#_sdmap_6" slate-data-type="image"> <img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S7bcdf5db227145d283fb9e28672b6473L.jpg?width=790&amp;height=1168&amp;hash=1958" usemap="#_sdmap_7" slate-data-type="image"> <img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S179fb2af9c6b44c3931ac070019bfacfL.jpg?width=790&amp;height=1192&amp;hash=1982" usemap="#_sdmap_8" slate-data-type="image"> <img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S6c29182c8a8e4c11a70f87f6991e90d5F.jpg?width=790&amp;height=1156&amp;hash=1946" usemap="#_sdmap_10" slate-data-type="image"> <img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sbe2ed2737a7e431ca67f2afff75eb507K.jpg?width=790&amp;height=1321&amp;hash=2111" usemap="#_sdmap_11" slate-data-type="image"> <img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sd3e358edc747427ba32afafb1efc16eeh.jpg?width=790&amp;height=1321&amp;hash=2111" usemap="#_sdmap_12" slate-data-type="image"> <img style="display:block;width:100%;height:auto" width="100%" height="auto" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S079269380b5f475fa02d64bdce817d64S.jpg?width=790&amp;height=1321&amp;hash=2111" usemap="#_sdmap_13" slate-data-type="image">
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0.5kg/1.5kg Dog Freeze-dried Food Pet Food for Puppy and Large Dogs General Purpose Dog Pronature Dog Food  Wholesale

1.5kg B

0.5kg A

0.5kg B

1.5kg A

<h1>SPECIFICATIONS</h1>Brand Name: NoEnName_NullOrigin: Mainland ChinaHign-concerned Chemical: NoneRecipe: Fresh meat high protein dog dry foodSet Type: noDog Type: For all dogsShelf Life: 18monthsTaste: Full price, full period, 30 high proteinModel Number: JJCo-132Full price and full period dog freeze-dr: Dog Freeze-dried FoodDog Feed: Puppy FeedDog Supply: Food for Puppy<div class="detailmodule_html"><div class="detail-desc-decorate-richtext">
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<div>0.5kg/1kg Full Price And Full Period Dog Freeze-Dried Food 30% High Protein Freeze-Dried Dog Feed Into Puppy Main Food Enzymatic Hydrolysi Dog Supply </div>
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<div>Product Name: Full Price freeze-dried Dog Food</div>
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<div>Main ingredients: Frozen beef, frozen chicken, chicken powder, peas, brown rice, oats, dried sweet potatoes, and various vitamins that dogs need.</div>
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<div>Suitable for: dogs of all ages</div>
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<div>Weight: 0.5kg/1kg</div>
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<div>Features:</div>
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<div>1. This Dog freeze-dried Food Balanced nutrition with high absorption rate, insisting on high-quality raw materials, 30% protein meets industry standards, and satisfies the taste and nutritional needs of picky dogs.</div>
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<div>2. This dog's main food contains a triple calcium and bone strengthening formula with beef, seaweed powder, and cheese, which makes the dog's bones strong, energetic, and enhances its immunity. Dogs get sick less and owners worry less.</div>
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<div>3. Dog Food Sealed packaging with self sealing strips for convenient storage.</div>
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0.5kg/1kg Full Price And Full Period Dog Freeze-Dried Food 30% High Protein Freeze-Dried Dog Feed Puppy Main Food Wholesale

1Kg(20packs)

0.5kg(10packs)

<h1>SPECIFICATIONS</h1>Brand Name: NoEnName_NullHign-concerned Chemical: NoneToys Type: BallsIs Smart Device: noOrigin: Mainland ChinaMaterial: FoamType: catsSurpport: Drop shipping wholesaleProduct Specifications: single 3CM1 g / pieceProduct Material: Polyester<div class="detailmodule_html"><div class="detail-desc-decorate-richtext">
<img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S0ead867756484064aacaab78bb55dbecs.jpg"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S2b97ece62f8f4b89a5122c3ed790d626p.jpg">
0.98in Cat Toys Launch Training Stretch Plush Ball Interactive Creative Colorful Kitten Pom Pom Cat Toy Ball Pet Accessories
Description: 
【product description】 
Classic small toy, polyester high elasticity plush ball that most cats like. 
No sound, no noise and quiet, colored balls attract the attention of cats who are naturally sensitive to the noise. 
It is one of the small toys that cat families must always have. It is durable and not easy to be damaged. It is very attractive to cats ~ Hurry up and prepare a few for cats; 
The material is made of high-quality polyester, fine workmanship, very fun, is a small toy that cats like
Specifications: 
[Product Name]: Rainbow color hairy ball elastic 15-30CM environmental protection is not noisy 
[Product Specifications]: single 3CM1 g / piece 
[Product Material]: Polyester
Package Included: 
10 / 20 / 30 pc Stretch Plush Ball 
<img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S2e21221f7a874dbbb1d0e4d3c89cea70C.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S2e21221f7a874dbbb1d0e4d3c89cea70C.jpg" class="web_desc_img"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Seec7cb7f9f854e8b9548cbdbfb76918aS.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Seec7cb7f9f854e8b9548cbdbfb76918aS.jpg" class="web_desc_img"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S1794911d0bb34d8fa037817b4140ca817.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S1794911d0bb34d8fa037817b4140ca817.jpg" class="web_desc_img"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S958c1349e9dd41e9ac11b6e11f90f441B.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S958c1349e9dd41e9ac11b6e11f90f441B.jpg" class="web_desc_img"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sfe561198d0da48a4a78400d9070b1cddj.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sfe561198d0da48a4a78400d9070b1cddj.jpg" class="web_desc_img"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S8288f5ed70f64422b066b5dcc259d95e0.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S8288f5ed70f64422b066b5dcc259d95e0.jpg" class="web_desc_img"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sb5460a3a95594f8bb4b1438b9650ab25L.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sb5460a3a95594f8bb4b1438b9650ab25L.jpg" class="web_desc_img"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Scd55c26eddcd4ac59042011e9951d5a63.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Scd55c26eddcd4ac59042011e9951d5a63.jpg" class="web_desc_img"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S3cf814fc6a9e4b8599a586389c4a80act.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S3cf814fc6a9e4b8599a586389c4a80act.jpg" class="web_desc_img"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S00c8f5012a6344999ba92ad7b4796dbfV.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S00c8f5012a6344999ba92ad7b4796dbfV.jpg" class="web_desc_img"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sc8cc20f1acff4688b63d57d8299d3a56a.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sc8cc20f1acff4688b63d57d8299d3a56a.jpg" class="web_desc_img"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S3765f4db14844102b2642c7de0698583o.jpg" data-mce-src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S3765f4db14844102b2642c7de0698583o.jpg" class="web_desc_img">

</div></div>

0.98in Cat Toys Launch Training Stretch Plush Ball Interactive Creative Colorful Kitten Pom Pom Cat Toy Ball Pet Accessories

MULTICOLOR 30pcs / CHINA

MULTICOLOR 10pcs / CHINA

MULTICOLOR 20pcs / CHINA

<h1>SPECIFICATIONS</h1>Brand Name: SFVEFVDHign-concerned Chemical: NoneOrigin: Mainland ChinaCN: GuangdongMaterial: /Type: BIRDSChoice: yessemi_Choice: yes<div class="detailmodule_html"><div class="detail-desc-decorate-richtext">
<div class="detailmodule_text"> 
 1 Bag Cuttlebone Cuttlefish Sepia Bone Cuttle Fish Bird Food Calcium Pickstone Pet 
 Descriptions: Cuttlebones are an excellent calcium source for birds. The rough edible surface helps to trim the beaks of birds as well as provide something for your bird to chew on. The cuttlebones can also be cut into smaller pieces or ground into a powder and used as a nutritional supplement for all types of birds. Features: Provides natural calcium and minerals Derived from natural cuttlefish Natural surface keeps beaks trim and sharp Suitable for cockatiels Specification: Material: Cuttlefish bone Size: 5~7cm Quantity: 3~5 Pcs/bag Note: 1.Transition: 1cm=10mm=0.39inch 2.Please allow 0-3cm error due to manual measurement. pls make sure you do not mind before you bid. 3.Due to the difference between different monitors, the picture may not reflect the actual color of the item. Thank you! No Retail Package Package Contents: 1 Bag x Cuttlefish Bone 
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1 Bag Cuttlebone Cuttlefish Sepia Bone Cuttle Fish Bird Food Calcium Pickstone Pet

w / CHINA

<h1>SPECIFICATIONS</h1>Brand Name: MOONBIFFYItem Type: Dog WhistlesOrigin: Mainland ChinaType: DogsMaterial: Stainless SteelModel Number: DW1788Model Number: Dogs Whistle<div class="detailmodule_html"><div class="detail-desc-decorate-richtext">
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<div>1 PC Adjustable Pet Dogs Whistle Anti Bark Ultrasonic Sound Dogs Training Flute Pets Interactive Discipline Supplies</div>

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Description:

100% Brand New and High Quality.

Dog Dogs Or Puppy Pet Pets Adjustable Training Whistle Silver

Dog whistle with the dog (can also be used for other pet birds such as pigeons)to establish a good tool for communication and discipline.

This Whistle can help you to train your dogs.

Great for recall over long distances

Key ring loop is included

Please be aware of this fact they are not totally silent.

Specifications:

Material: Stainless steel

product specifications: a length of 8 cm.

Color: As pictures show

net weight: 16 g

Specifications:

100% Brand New and High Quality.

Dog Dogs Or Puppy Pet Pets Adjustable Training Whistle Silver

This Whistle can help you to train your dogs.

Great for recall over long distances

Key ring loop is included

Package Included:

1 x Dog Training Whistle

Notes:

Due to the difference between different monitors, the pictures may not reflect the actual color of the item.

Compare the detail sizes with yours, please allow 1-3cm error, due to manual measurement.

Please leaving a message before you give the bad feedback, if the products have some problems.

Thanks for your understandings.

<img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" slate-data-type="image" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S026d3d925e864fb19b42f1d669f66f8eR.jpg?width=800&amp;height=800&amp;hash=1600"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" slate-data-type="image" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S74be0db469fa411287ea47d7f152752ap.jpg?width=800&amp;height=800&amp;hash=1600"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" slate-data-type="image" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S1fd06e26a8914e029e19c9243e43bb74Z.jpg?width=800&amp;height=800&amp;hash=1600"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" slate-data-type="image" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S70dcad6e7a3f495d891aef587d34a308d.jpg?width=800&amp;height=800&amp;hash=1600"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" slate-data-type="image" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sf2bfe58ca2104347b7e9b8cc568d2863X.jpg?width=800&amp;height=800&amp;hash=1600"><img referrerpolicy="no-referrer" slate-data-type="image" src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Se5ddebc4ee224f1297337feb6f845127b.jpg?width=800&amp;height=800&amp;hash=1600">
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1 PC Adjustable Pet Dogs Whistle Anti Bark Ultrasonic Sound Dogs Training Flute Pets Interactive Discipline Supplies Trainings

Blue

black

Pink

green

<h1>SPECIFICATIONS</h1>Brand Name: Talk-SatisfiedOrigin: Mainland ChinaMaterial: IronType: BIRDSFeature: Non-automaticName: Piece Parrot Feeding JarColor: SilverFeature 1: Bird food boxFeature 2: Feeding boxFeature 3: Bird FeederInstall method:: Mini is easy to carry<img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S9ae005e5cbca43b1b9b943f6db02efc6I.jpg" slate-data-type="image">Product description:-100% brand new and high quality.- Made of high-quality iron material, it is safe, durable, non-toxic, non-pungent odor, bite-resistant and wear-resistant, making it an ideal bird food container.- Good polishing process, smooth, comfortable and easy to hold.- Small size, easy to store and carry, convenient for training your parrot.- Fine workmanship, good texture, practical and delicate, durable and easy to use.Can be given as a gift to a friend or family member who wants to train a parrot. Name: Piece Parrot Feeding TankMaterial: IronColor: silverSize: Approx. 6 x 34 x 11 mm / 2.36x1.34x0.43 inchesFeatures: Mini and easy to carry The package includes:1pc xpcs parrot feeding jar Seller Tip:Please allow 1-2mm error due to manual measurementThe item colors shown in the photo may appear slightly different on your computer monitor because the monitor is not calibrated the same <img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S983693eaef1d45a9ae067c7f9359c6a4L.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img style='font-family:"Open Sans", Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, SimSun;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;white-space:normal;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border:0px;margin:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box' src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S6eebdfbf85714062adddb7154909703ae.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img style='font-family:"Open Sans", Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, SimSun;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;white-space:normal;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border:0px;margin:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box' src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S3eebb0aa1b4b4737b862f812cdf570d7L.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img style='font-family:"Open Sans", Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, SimSun;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;white-space:normal;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border:0px;margin:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box' 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255);border:0px;margin:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box' src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S7d973b3629ae4b5aa38714cfcc8b13168.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img style='font-family:"Open Sans", Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, SimSun;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;white-space:normal;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border:0px;margin:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box' src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S3efd149862034f3abfbd89c18bf8eb67e.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img style='font-family:"Open Sans", Roboto, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif, 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mail(AliExpress Standard Shipping,epacket,china post air mail etc).</div><div style="font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:16.9px;text-align:start;white-space:normal;color:rgb(0, 0, 0);background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border:0px;margin:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;box-sizing:content-box" align="start">
◆ You can track your parcel on the following website using your tracking number: <a style="color:rgb(58, 62, 74);background-color:transparent;margin:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;box-sizing:border-box" target="_self" class="">http://www.17track.net/zh-cn</a>
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1 Pc Bird Feeding Handheld Feeder Mini Feeding Box Bird Training Food Jar Bird IQ Growth Training Interactive Toy

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<h1>SPECIFICATIONS</h1>Name: Piece Parrot Feeding JarFeature 1: Bird food boxFeature 2: Feeding boxFeature 3: Bird FeederInstall method:: Mini is easy to carryBrand Name: IHERDSMANType: BIRDSMaterial: Stainless SteelFeature: Non-automaticOrigin: Mainland ChinaChoice: yessemi_Choice: yes<div class="detailmodule_html"><div class="detail-desc-decorate-richtext">
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<div>Product description:</div>
-100% brand new and high quality.
- Made of high-quality iron material, it is safe, durable, non-toxic, non-pungent odor, bite-resistant and wear-resistant, making it an ideal bird food container.
- Good polishing process, smooth, comfortable and easy to hold.
- Small size, easy to store and carry, convenient for training your parrot.
- Fine workmanship, good texture, practical and delicate, durable and easy to use.
Can be given as a gift to a friend or family member who wants to train a parrot.
Name: Piece Parrot Feeding Tank
Material: Iron
Color: 6 colors optional
Features: Mini and easy to carry
The package includes:
1pc xpcs parrot feeding jar
Seller Tip:
Please allow 1-2mm error due to manual measurement
The item colors shown in the photo may appear slightly different on your computer monitor because the monitor is not calibrated the same <img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S61482c95bd494d2fbf3abd1a142f8d53D.jpg" slate-data-type="image"> <img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sa8c3c5a6c04846d0b91a65127dbbd97fE.jpg" slate-data-type="image"> <img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S253c62e789b5443bb4855d8dfff2d3c3o.jpg" slate-data-type="image"> <img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sa999fbef8b3c40ce80eaa1c9fdd4e37eh.jpg" slate-data-type="image"> <img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S82530ecab9124fc2b9efe13dad88a0c0x.jpg" slate-data-type="image"> <img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S201f175dfa0b493a8fbfa0ac8c6172306.jpg" slate-data-type="image"> <img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sd48f5151abfd4722952389dc531d7ee7N.jpg" slate-data-type="image"> <img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sca8bedee1b8d4a14a4d99829ce26f806Z.jpg" slate-data-type="image">
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1 Pc Bird Feeding Handheld Feeder Mini Feeding Box Multiple Colors Bird Training Food Jar Bird Growth Training Interactive Toy

Silver

Gold

Orange

Light blue

<h1>SPECIFICATIONS</h1>Brand Name: NoEnName_NullOrigin: Mainland ChinaCN: AnhuiMaterial: Wood + ironType: BIRDSSet Type: noName: Parrot perch bracket / Bird swingItem Name: Bird ToyColor: As showParrot perch stand: Parrot toysProduct Description100% Brand new and high quality.1. Different types:Included bird swing, bird chew hanging toys, ladder, perch stand, water feeder, molar stone, hollow bell balls, rattan balls and bells.2. Safe &amp; non-toxic:These bird cage toys are made of wood and use edible pigment, nickel-plated hooks and upgraded environment friendly electroplating bells.3. Multiple functions:With our bird toy set, your bird can chew, climb, exercise, rest, play, drink.4. Easy to install:These bird cage accessories have hooks to hang in the cage easily, very useful for parakeets or small and medium birds. Name: Parrot ToysMaterial : Wood + ironColor : As show Package Includes:( 15-type to choose ）1 Pc x Parrot Toys Seller tips:Please allow 1-5mm errors due to manual measurementItem color displayed in photos may be showing slightly different on your computer monitor since monitors are not calibrated same <img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S2afd6ee8d6f14308a8d64951d1d4edebN.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S5b8ba2d231904c7faf64a38cc8755d6fj.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S3fa3fe6caa7c4fb2bdd87d621cdf1676k.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sf8e832aa5785433db864ac3e64b89ac2X.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S8bbe5a8e3d7040eebc812fd409a1e2bbk.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Scf3810f24cf94074b21a00fc3a8d624eF.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sfdee82bbc6454486b9314b85938246749.jpg" slate-data-type="image">

1 Pc Bird Toy Set Rocking Chewing Training Combination Toy Bird Cage Parrot Hanging Hammock Parrot Cage Toy Ladder Pet Supplies

As show

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<h1>SPECIFICATIONS</h1>Brand Name: NoEnName_NullItem Type: Dog WhistlesOrigin: Mainland ChinaType: DogsIs Smart Device: noMaterial: Stainless SteelName: Training Whistle with KeychainColor: Randomfeature:100% brand new and high quality.Adjustable training whistle for dogs or puppies pets silverThe dog whistles (it can also be used for other pet birds such as pigeons) to establish a good communication and discipline tool.Whistling can help you train your dog package：1 Pc x Pet Training Whistle with Keychain Note:Item color displayed in photos may be showing slightly different on your computer monitor since monitors are not calibrated same. <img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S9a0d9824767a4529b6359fd587ed8befG.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Scfc3aabf249f42f3b713d82baeefe0acn.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Se25540dcaaae4f68a33dc19fc9d608d3s.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sdb81679ce8fb4142835c0d6901bcb83b9.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S7dc687ce2fc34502bf7179bb4ae3d75d3.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sde4d437b91f04dffbd043f0ec10172cfx.jpg" slate-data-type="image"><img src="https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S03fb2bb6a9d747eaaf4c49965f151c12E.jpg" slate-data-type="image">

1 Pc Farm Dog Whistle Pet Training Whistle With Keychain Adjustable Whistle Stop Barking Dog Training Control Deterrence Whistle

<h1>SPECIFICATIONS</h1>Brand Name: Ultrasound PetOrigin: Mainland ChinaToys Type: Flying DiscsIs Smart Device: noMaterial: RUBBERType: DogsSet Type: noApplicable Dog Breed: UniversalPlace of Origin: ChiZhou,ChinaShipping: Shipping to WorldwideSize: 15cm/18cm/22cmPackage: Free High Quality OPP BagOrder Process Time: Within 48 HoursNew Design: 100% New DesignFeature: Pretty,Sweety,FashionPhotos: Provide High Quality Photos without watermark<div class="detailmodule_html"><div class="detail-desc-decorate-richtext">
 
 <img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cHdvXNPI8KJjSspoq6x6MFXac.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cHdvXNPI8KJjSspoq6x6MFXac.jpg">
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 <img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1U1FrXTvI8KJjSspjq6AgjXXax.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1U1FrXTvI8KJjSspjq6AgjXXax.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB165RyXtHO8KJjSZFHq6zWJFXav.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB165RyXtHO8KJjSZFHq6zWJFXav.jpg">
 Product Features<img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg">
 &lt;brand&gt; ULTRASOUND PET
 &lt;name&gt; 1 Pc Interactive Dog Chew Toys Resistance Bite Soft Rubber Puppy Pet Toy for Dogs Pet Training Products Dog Flying Discs
 &lt;color&gt;red/green/orange/yellow/purple
 &lt;usage&gt; univesal
 &lt;feature&gt;: leisure,cute,fashion,soft,comfortable,popular
 &lt;packing&gt;: free high quality opp bag
 &lt;place of origin&gt;:  china
 &lt;size&gt;:15cm/18cm/22cm
 
 Description:
<ul style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:inherit;color:#000000;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;list-style:none;box-sizing:border-box;">
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 </div></li>
<li style="font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;box-sizing:border-box;"> New and high quality</li>
<li><div>
 </div></li>
<li style="font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;box-sizing:border-box;"> Your pet will feel very cool and comfortable when in spring, and summer.</li>
<li><div>
 </div></li>
<li style="font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;box-sizing:border-box;"> Your pet will become more attractive and dynamic in crowd.</li>
<li><div>
 </div></li>
<li style="font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;box-sizing:border-box;"> A good gift for your pet</li>
</ul>
 Attention:
 1,Measuring the size please relax 2cm.
 2,Because the measurement of each person is different ,there maybe 1-2cm errors,please kindly understanding .
 3,If you have any questions ,please contact us .because of the time difference ,maybe we can not reply you at once.we will reply you as soon as possible when we are online.best regards.
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 Size Reference<img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1Enp6x1uSBuNjy1Xcq6AYjFXav.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1Enp6x1uSBuNjy1Xcq6AYjFXav.jpg">
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 Conversion: 1 inch = 2.54cm<img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB165RyXtHO8KJjSZFHq6zWJFXav.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB165RyXtHO8KJjSZFHq6zWJFXav.jpg">Photo Gallery<img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1RkLapVGWBuNjy0Fbq6z4sXXaP.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1RkLapVGWBuNjy0Fbq6z4sXXaP.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB11irJeYwrBKNjSZPcq6xpapXaJ.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB11irJeYwrBKNjSZPcq6xpapXaJ.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1MrmfhIuYBuNkSmRyq6AA3pXaq.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1MrmfhIuYBuNkSmRyq6AA3pXaq.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1nxUKpDdYBeNkSmLyq6xfnVXaZ.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1nxUKpDdYBeNkSmLyq6xfnVXaZ.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB10p4tqnJYBeNjy1zeq6yhzVXau.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB10p4tqnJYBeNjy1zeq6yhzVXau.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1PHAMe5MnBKNjSZFoq6zOSFXa7.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1PHAMe5MnBKNjSZFoq6zOSFXa7.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB167rIp1ySBuNjy1zdq6xPxFXaF.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB167rIp1ySBuNjy1zdq6xPxFXaF.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1UPyQpVmWBuNjSspdq6zugXXaB.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1UPyQpVmWBuNjSspdq6zugXXaB.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB11ikLeYZnBKNjSZFhq6A.oXXay.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB11ikLeYZnBKNjSZFhq6A.oXXay.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB17YAMe5MnBKNjSZFoq6zOSFXaV.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB17YAMe5MnBKNjSZFoq6zOSFXaV.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1RifApVuWBuNjSspnq6x1NVXag.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1RifApVuWBuNjSspnq6x1NVXag.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1hp4tqnJYBeNjy1zeq6yhzVXac.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1hp4tqnJYBeNjy1zeq6yhzVXac.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1zp2lpYuWBuNjSszgq6z8jVXay.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1zp2lpYuWBuNjSszgq6z8jVXay.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1F1LFp7yWBuNjy0Fpq6yssXXa2.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1F1LFp7yWBuNjy0Fpq6yssXXa2.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1Dzbup29TBuNjy1zbq6xpepXat.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1Dzbup29TBuNjy1zbq6xpepXat.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1kOnApVuWBuNjSspnq6x1NVXaJ.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1kOnApVuWBuNjSspnq6x1NVXaJ.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB13eqLir3nBKNjSZFMq6yUSFXaK.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB13eqLir3nBKNjSZFMq6yUSFXaK.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB165RyXtHO8KJjSZFHq6zWJFXav.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB165RyXtHO8KJjSZFHq6zWJFXav.jpg">Tips<img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg">
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 Wholesale and drop shipping are both welcomed?
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 </div>
<div style="text-align:center;" align="center">
 For wholesale,we will offer discount or free express shipping which only takes 3-7 days to arrive. </div>
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 </div>
<div style="text-align:center;" align="center">
 For drop shipping,we could send the goods to your customers directly and won't leave information about us if you'd like to. </div>
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 </div>
<div style="text-align:center;" align="center">
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<div style="text-align:center;" align="center">
 How can I track my parcel? </div>
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<div style="text-align:center;" align="center">
 You can track your parcel on the following website using your tracking number: www.17track.net/en  (Copied to the browser to open) </div>
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 </div>
<div style="text-align:center;" align="center">
 <img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB165RyXtHO8KJjSZFHq6zWJFXav.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB165RyXtHO8KJjSZFHq6zWJFXav.jpg"> </div>
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 About Us<img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB19D0nXNPI8KJjSspoq6x6MFXaq.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB19D0nXNPI8KJjSspoq6x6MFXaq.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB165RyXtHO8KJjSZFHq6zWJFXav.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB165RyXtHO8KJjSZFHq6zWJFXav.jpg">
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 GET COUPON NOW<img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cMdoXRTH8KJjy0Fiq6ARsXXar.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1U1FrXTvI8KJjSspjq6AgjXXax.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1U1FrXTvI8KJjSspjq6AgjXXax.jpg"><img src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cwxpXL2H8KJjy1zkq6xr7pXaW.jpg" slate-data-type="image" data-src="http://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1cwxpXL2H8KJjy1zkq6xr7pXaW.jpg">
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Scientific Name: Carlia Spp.

Carlia

Male

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Female

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Description