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Maintaining appropriate temperatures is crucial for the health and well-being of cockatoos, as they are sensitive to extremes in temperature. Cockatoos originate from a variety of habitats, ranging from the tropical rainforests of Australia to the arid outback, so their temperature preferences can vary depending on their species and natural environment. However, in general, cockatoos prefer moderate temperatures ranging from 65°F to 80°F (18°C to 27°C).

In colder temperatures, cockatoos may be at risk of hypothermia, especially if they are not provided with adequate shelter and heating. Cockatoos can fluff up their feathers to trap heat close to their bodies, but prolonged exposure to cold temperatures can still be dangerous. Providing a warm, draft-free environment is essential for cockatoos during colder months, whether they are kept indoors or outdoors.

During hot weather, cockatoos are at risk of heat stress and dehydration, especially if they are unable to find shade or access to fresh water. Cockatoos may pant, hold their wings away from their bodies, or become lethargic in an attempt to cool down. It's essential to provide plenty of shade, ventilation, and access to fresh water to help cockatoos regulate their body temperature during hot weather.

For indoor pet cockatoos, maintaining a comfortable temperature in their living environment is relatively straightforward. Keeping the room temperature within the recommended range and avoiding placing their cage near drafty windows or air vents can help ensure their comfort and well-being. Additionally, providing a variety of perches and toys for climbing and play can help stimulate natural behaviors and keep them active.

For outdoor aviaries or cockatoos kept in outdoor enclosures, providing shelter from the elements is essential. This can include providing shaded areas, such as awnings or natural vegetation, as well as ensuring the enclosure is well-ventilated to prevent overheating. In colder climates, providing heating sources such as heat lamps or heated perches can help keep cockatoos warm during cooler temperatures.

It's essential to monitor cockatoos closely for signs of discomfort or distress related to temperature extremes. Signs of heat stress or hypothermia can include lethargy, panting, rapid breathing, and loss of appetite. If cockatoos show any signs of heat stress or hypothermia, it's crucial to take immediate action to help them cool down or warm up, depending on the situation.

In conclusion, maintaining appropriate temperatures is essential for the health and well-being of cockatoos. Providing a comfortable living environment with adequate shelter, ventilation, and access to fresh water can help cockatoos regulate their body temperature and stay healthy and happy year-round. Monitoring their behavior and adjusting their environment as needed can help ensure they remain comfortable and thriving in captivity.